
Ghid de germinaþie ºi cultivare
* Temperatura optimã de germinare (noapte-zi):
-
aproximativ 17°C pânã la 20°C;
-
aproximativ 17°C pânã la 20°C;
-
aproximativ 20°C pânã sub 30°C;
-
aproximativ 17°C pânã lângã 40°C;
-
aproximativ 20°C pânã peste 30°C; * Perioada de semãnare:
-
în orice perioadã a anului cu temperaturã convenabilã ºi lungimea zilei de
circa 13-14 ore; se poate folosi iluminatul artificial;
-
toamna ºi iarna; de evitat cãldurile verii ºi perioadele cu zile scurte de
sub 11 ore; * Note speciale:
-
dupã cel mult 3 zile de la germinare a se feri de umiditatea atmosfericã;
-
germineazã încet; se pot stratifica, aceasta ajutând germinarea; gerul ºi
alternanþa între umed ºi uscat. Nu le pãstraþi umede, alternanþa umedul ºi
uscatul la temperaturã schimbãtoare. Dacã nu reuºiþi, pãstraþi vasul pânã la
anul urmãtor ºi încercaþi din nou;
-
este importantã atmosfera închisã, umedã; folosiþi apã distilatã pentru
seminþele mãrunte;
-
putrezesc uºor; imediat dupã rãsãrire daþi aer uscat ºi luminã puternicã;
-
înainte de însãmânþare umeziþi seminþele în apã distilatã caldã (27°C) timp
de 12 ore; dupã semãnare, nu lãsaþi solul sã se usuce;
-
necesitã sol cu pH bazic: la prima transplantare sau repicare, adãugaþi
calcar în sol, în special dacã apa de udare este acidã. *Dezvoltarea semincerilor puternici, sau a plantelor adulte în bune condiþii:
-
mereu ferit de ger: pãstraþi plantele la peste 5°C;
-
rezistã la geruri ocazionale; a se pãstra la peste -4°C;
-
frecvent ger moderat; pãstraþi la peste -8°C.;
-
foarte rezistent la ger; a se pãstra la peste -12°C;
-
acoperit cu zãpadã, chiar cu sãptãmânile, rezistã la geruri de pânã la
-23°C. Fãrã zãpadã trebuie protejat.
| GENUL |
|
SPECIA |
|
COD |
| Acanthocalycium |
|
|
|
3,6,15-17 |
| |
|
knipelianum |
|
17 |
| |
|
peitscherianum |
|
17 |
| |
|
spiniflorum |
|
17 |
| |
|
violaceum |
|
17 |
| Akersia |
|
|
|
14 |
| Ancistrocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,8, 11,13 |
| |
|
brevihamatus |
|
17 |
| |
|
megarhizus |
|
16 |
| |
|
scheeri |
|
16 |
| |
|
tobuschii |
|
17 |
| Arequipa |
|
|
|
15-17 |
| Ariocarpus |
|
|
|
3,6,8,13 |
| |
|
agavoides |
|
14 |
| |
|
fissuratus |
|
16 |
| |
|
fissuratus var. lloydii |
|
16 |
| |
|
kotschoubeyanus |
|
16 |
| |
|
kotschoubeyanus v.macdowellii |
|
17 |
| |
|
retusus |
|
15 |
| Astrophytum |
|
|
|
3,6,8,11,13 |
| |
|
asterias |
|
16 |
| |
|
capricorne |
|
17 |
| |
|
coahuilense |
|
16 |
| |
|
myriostigma |
|
15 |
| |
|
ornatum |
|
14 |
| Austrocactus |
|
|
|
2,6, 17-18 |
| Austrocephalocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Austrocylindropuntia |
|
|
|
14-16 |
| Aztekium |
|
|
|
3,6,10,13,14 |
| Azureocereus |
|
|
|
14 |
| Blossfeldia |
|
|
|
2,6,10,14 |
| Bolivicereus |
|
|
|
3,14 |
| Browningia |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Buiningia |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Carnegiea |
|
|
|
3,6,15 |
| Cephalocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Cereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14-15 |
| Cleistocactus |
|
|
|
3,6, 14-15 |
| Coleocephalocereus |
|
|
|
3,14 |
| Copiapoa |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Corryocactus |
|
|
|
15-16 |
| Coryphantha |
|
|
|
3,6,8 |
| |
|
andreae |
|
15 |
| |
|
bergeriana |
|
16 |
| |
|
borwigii |
|
16-17 |
| |
|
calipensis |
|
14 |
| |
|
chihuahuensis |
|
17 |
| |
|
compacta |
|
17 |
| |
|
cornifera |
|
16 |
| |
|
delaetiana |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
difficilis |
|
17 |
| |
|
echinus |
|
17 |
| |
|
erecta |
|
13,14 |
| |
|
gladiispina |
|
17 |
| |
|
hendricksonii |
|
16 |
| |
|
laui |
|
17 |
| |
|
longicornis |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
macromeris |
|
17 |
| |
|
maiz-tablasensis |
|
15 |
| |
|
nickelsae |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
obscur |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
pallida |
|
15 |
| |
|
palmeri |
|
16 |
| |
|
poselgeriana v. valida |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
pseudoechinus |
|
17 |
| |
|
pseudonickelsae |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
pulleineana |
|
16 |
| |
|
radians |
|
16 |
| |
|
ramillosa |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
recurvata |
|
16 |
| |
|
retusa |
|
13,14 |
| |
|
runyonii |
|
17 |
| |
|
scheeri |
|
17 |
| |
|
sulcata |
|
17 |
| |
|
sulcolanata |
|
14 |
| |
|
vaupeliana |
|
16 |
| |
|
villarensis |
|
14 |
| |
|
werdermannii |
|
13,14 |
| Cumarinia |
|
|
|
3,6,13,15 |
| Denmoza |
|
|
|
3,6,15-16 |
| Discocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,8,14 |
| Echinocactus |
|
|
|
6 |
| |
|
grusonii |
|
16 |
| |
|
horizanthalonius |
|
17 |
| |
|
ingens |
|
16 |
| |
|
platiacanthus |
|
16 |
| |
|
ingens |
|
15 |
| |
|
parryi |
|
4,9,11,16 |
| Echinocactus |
|
polycephalus |
|
17 |
| |
|
texensis |
|
17 |
| Echinocereus |
|
|
|
2,6,8 |
| |
|
adustus |
|
17 |
| |
|
berlandieri |
|
16 |
| |
|
brandegeei |
|
15 |
| |
|
chisoen |
|
17 |
| |
|
chloranthus |
|
17 |
| |
|
cinerascens |
|
16 |
| |
|
coccineus |
|
18 |
| |
|
dasyacanthus |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
davisii |
|
17 |
| |
|
delaetii |
|
13,11 |
| |
|
engelmannii |
|
17 |
| |
|
enneacanthus |
|
17 |
| |
|
fendlelerii |
|
18 |
| |
|
fitchii |
|
17 |
| |
|
knippelianus |
|
17 |
| |
|
laui |
|
17 |
| |
|
ledingii |
|
17 |
| |
|
leonensis |
|
17 |
| |
|
lloydii |
|
17 |
| |
|
longisetus |
|
17 |
| |
|
nicholii |
|
17 |
| |
|
nivosus |
|
17 |
| |
|
palmeri |
|
17 |
| |
|
pamansiorum |
|
16 |
| |
|
pappilosus |
|
17 |
| |
|
parkeri |
|
16 |
| |
|
pectinatus |
|
17 |
| |
|
primolanatus |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
roetteri |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
stramineus |
|
13,17 |
| Echinofossulcactus |
|
|
|
2,6,15-16 |
| |
|
erectrocentru |
|
13,17 |
| Echinomastus |
|
|
|
3,6,8,11 |
| |
|
warnockii "kakui" |
|
13,17 |
| Echinopsis |
|
|
|
3,6,14-17 |
| Epicactus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Epithelantha |
|
|
|
3,6,8,11,13,16 |
| Erdisia |
|
|
|
3,6,14-15 |
| Eriocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,15 |
| Eriosyce |
|
|
|
3,6,11 |
| Escobaria |
|
|
|
3,6,8,15-18 |
| |
|
duncanii |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
guadalupensis |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
lloydii |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
sneedii |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
villardii |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
vivipara v. radiosa |
|
13,17 |
| |
|
zilziana |
|
13,17 |
| Espostoa |
|
|
|
14-15 |
| Eulychnia |
|
|
|
14 |
| Ferocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,8,14-17 |
| Frailea |
|
|
|
2,6,8,14 |
| Glandulicactus |
|
|
|
3,6,8,11,13, 16-17 |
| Grusonia |
|
|
|
4,6,9,12,16 |
| Gymnocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,8,13,16 |
| Gymnocalycium |
|
|
|
3,6 |
| Haageocereus |
|
|
|
14 |
| Hamatocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,15-17 |
| Harrisia |
|
|
|
14 |
| Hylocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Leuchtenbergia |
|
|
|
3,6,8,13,16 |
| Lobivia |
|
|
|
2,6,15-17 |
| Lophocereus |
|
|
|
14 |
| Lophophora |
|
|
|
3,6,8,13,14-16 |
| Loxanthocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Machaerocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Mauhenia |
|
|
|
3,6,12,16-17 |
| Maihueniopsis |
|
|
|
3,6,12,16,17 |
| Mammillaria |
|
|
|
6 |
| |
|
alamensis |
|
14 |
| |
|
albiarmata |
|
3,13, 16 |
| |
|
albicans |
|
14 |
| |
|
albicoma |
|
3,8,13,15 |
| |
|
albilanata |
|
3,13, 14 |
| |
|
armillata |
|
3,11, 14 |
| |
|
aureilanata |
|
3,8,13,14 |
| |
|
barbata |
|
3,8,17 |
| |
|
blossfeldiana |
|
3,8,14 |
| |
|
boolii |
|
3,8,14 |
| |
|
cadereytensis |
|
3,13,15 |
| |
|
candida |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
carmenae |
|
3,8,13,14 |
| |
|
carnea |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
carretii |
|
3,8,14 |
| |
|
chinocephala |
|
13,14 |
| |
|
collinsii |
|
13-14 |
| |
|
columbiana |
|
3,13-14 |
| |
|
compresa |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
crucigera |
|
3,10,13,14 |
| |
|
dixantho-centron |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
egregia |
|
3,8,13,16 |
| |
|
flavicentra |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
formosa |
|
3,13,15 |
| |
|
gasseriana |
|
3,8,13,16 |
| |
|
goodridgii |
|
3,13,16 |
| |
|
graesneriana |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
grusonii |
|
2,13,16 |
| |
|
haageana |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
herrerae |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
humboldtii |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
karwinskiana |
|
13,14 |
| |
|
lasiacantha |
|
3,8,13, 16 |
| |
|
lenta |
|
3,8,13,16 |
| |
|
magallanii |
|
3,8,13,16 |
| |
|
microhelia |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
muehlen-pfordti |
|
2,13,14 |
| |
|
mystax |
|
3,8,13,14 |
| |
|
napina |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
nejapensis |
|
13,14 |
| |
|
neo-schwarziana |
|
3,14 |
| |
|
nivosa |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
pachy-cylindrica |
|
3,13,16 |
| |
|
parkinsonii |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
pectinifera |
|
3,8,13,14 |
| |
|
pilispina |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
plumosa |
|
3,13,15 |
| |
|
pseudo-perbella |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
roseoalba |
|
3,13,15 |
| |
|
roseocentra |
|
3,8,13,16 |
| |
|
sempervivi |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
supertexta |
|
2,10,13,14 |
| |
|
tlalocii |
|
13,14 |
| |
|
viperina |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
winterae |
|
2,13,17 |
| |
|
wohlschlage |
|
13,16 |
| |
|
yucatanensis |
|
3,13,14 |
| |
|
zeyeriana |
|
3,13,16 |
| Matucana |
|
|
|
3,6,14-15 |
| Melocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Micranthocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Mila |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Morawetzia |
|
|
|
15 |
| Myrtillocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Neobinghamia |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Neobuxbaumia |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Neocardenasia |
|
|
|
|
| Neoevansia |
|
|
|
3,6,15 |
| Neolloydi |
|
|
|
3,6,13,14-17 |
| Neoporteria |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Neoraimondia |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Neowedermannia |
|
|
|
2,16 |
| Notocactus |
|
|
|
2,6,15 |
| Obregonia |
|
|
|
3,6,13,14 |
| Opuntia |
|
|
|
4,6,9,12, 17-18 |
| Oreocereus |
|
|
|
15,16 |
| Oroya |
|
|
|
2,6,16-17 |
| Pachycereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Parodia |
|
|
|
1,6,10,14-17 |
| Pediocactus |
|
|
|
4,6,9,17-18 |
| |
|
sileri |
|
13,17 |
| Pelecyphora |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Peniocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,11 |
| Pilosocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Polaskia |
|
|
|
3,14 |
| Pygmaeocereus |
|
|
|
14 |
| Pyrracantus |
|
|
|
2,6,8,15-16 |
| Rathbunia |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Rebutia |
|
|
|
2,6,15-17 |
| Rhodocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Sclerocactus |
|
|
|
4,6,9,11,16-18 |
| Stenocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Stephanocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Stetsonia |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Strombcactus |
|
|
|
3,6,10,13,14 |
| Sulcorebutia |
|
|
|
3,6,14-15 |
| Tephrocactus |
|
|
|
4,9,12 |
| Thelocactus |
|
|
|
3,6,8,13,15-17 |
| Trixanthocereus |
|
|
|
14 |
| Toumeya |
|
|
|
4,6,9,17 |
| Trichocereus |
|
|
|
3,6,14-17 |
| Turbinicarpus |
|
|
|
3,6,8, 13,14-17 |
| Uebelmania |
|
|
|
3,6,14 |
| Weingartia |
|
|
|
3,6 14-15 |
|
|